Introduction
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Family therapy is basically what the term implies. It is a form of therapy in which the counselor works with the entire primary family at once instead of individual members. Often, a family therapist will even refuse to begin a session if one or more members of the family aren't present. The essential theory behind family therapy is that a family is a system made up of parts and a problem with one of the parts (or members of the family) affects the entire system. Families try to maintain homeostasis. This means that families try to keep things stable or the same. If one member of the family does anything out of the "norm" for that particular family, the members of that family will fight against him or her to bring things back the way they used to be. This is problematic, especially if one member of the family is in therapy and learning new coping styles, yet the family is fighting their healthy changes.
One reason why families and systems try to maintain homeostasis is because a change in one family member forces the rest to adapt and change also. For example, if a battered wife goes to therapy and learns how to stand up to her husband and take care of herself, the husband will fight against her to maintain control. This makes it harder for her to change. Therefore, family therapists propose that treating the entire family as a whole is much more effective than one member individually.
Family therapists believe there are no isolated problems. Families often enter therapy with an "identified patient" or "scapegoat." They blame one or more individuals for all the problems. Family therapists, however, believe that a problem with one member of the family reflects deeper issues and problems in the entire family system. In other words, the family member with the problem behavior is bringing attention to the family in order to help the whole system.
The first family theorists started by studying schizophrenia...
Source: http://www.bignerds.com/papers/90757/Family-Systems/
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